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In addition to its role in the dynamic specification of organ initiation sites at the periphery of the SAM, auxin synergizes with cytokinin to promote stem cell activity in the centre of the meristem, as shown in classical tissue culture experiments (Skoog and Miller, 1957).
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Recently, gene expression data sets have become available for the genes involved in specification of floral organ identity.
Members of this family play a prominent role in the transition to flowering and the specification of floral organ identity.
Altogether they regulate a variety of light and nutrient responsive genes participating into the transcriptional cascades controlling the specification of floral organ identities.
FT and SOC1 activate the specification of floral organ identity genes, such as CAULIFLOWER (CAL) and APETALA1 (AP1) that are required for flower formation in the meristem [ 9].
Specification of floral organ identity in model plants Arabidopsis and Antirrhinum has been explained by the classical ABC model [ 13, 14].
These results suggest that timing and/or positioning of the floral organ meristems are interrupted by over-expression of miR172b, indicating that a proper expression of miR172 target genes is important in specification of floral organ identities.
MADS-box genes are involved in many aspects of plant development, including essential roles in reproduction such as specification of floral organ identity, and regulatory roles during seed and fruit development [ 47].
The canonical model for molecular specification of floral organ identity is not sufficient to explain petaloidy in the androecial whorl in Canna sp. Further studies understanding the regulation of gene networks are required.
The Arabidopsis homolog of the LOB gene ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) was demonstrated to function in the repression of KNOX genes and in the specification of adaxial/abaxial organ polarity [ 90].
Although miRNAs are involved in many processes, 60-70% of known plant miRNAs control the expression of transcription factors that regulate critical developmental processes, such as proper specification of floral organ identity or leaf polarity, and over-expression or knockout of MIRNA genes led to severe developmental defects [ 48, 54, 13].
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