Maternal glucose levels specifically enhanced offspring adiposity at birth, and additional influences of maternal insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion were apparent.
Additional testing specifically for offspring that have been exposed to utero and early lactation includes sensory function testing, sexual maturation (OECD 426 and OECD 443), assessments of behavioural ontogeny and learning and memory (OECD 426).
Specifically, total offspring production, R o or LRS, should be optimized in stable populations where population size is regulated by density-dependent factors, whereas the intrinsic rate of increase, r, should be optimized in density-independent populations where natural selection should favor early reproduction [ 32, 33, 35, 55].
Specifically, female offspring of rat dams exposed to a total of 1.2 μg DES either on gestation week 2 or 3 [ 16], to 0.6 μg or 4 μg DES on both gestation days 15 and 18 (all via injection) [ 18, 19], or via diet to 0.1, 1 or 10 ppm DES between gestation days 13 and 21 (week 3) [ 21] exhibited increased mammary cancer risk.
While the case was in process, the government changed its migration law in 2004 to specifically exclude the offspring of Haitian migrants from citizenship.
DEGs involved in cancer development (cell cycle and DNA repair) were specifically observed in offspring.
Specifically, the male offspring exposed to a gestational HE diet, regardless of their post-weaning diet, had significantly less BK induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation when compared to male offspring on the NE prenatal diet.
Specifically, we reared offspring, selected from a wild coastal fish population (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia), at high CO2 conditions (∼2300 μatm) from fertilization to 15 days posthatch, which significantly reduced survival compared to controls.
Specifically, the adult offspring of high-compared to low-LG-ABN mothers exhibited decreased levels of hypothalamic CRF mRNA and increased hippocampal GR mRNA expression, which was accompanied by an increased sensitivity to glucocorticoid feedback and more modest HPA responses to acute stress (Liu et al., 1997).
