The paper examines the regional effects of a general innovation policy, i.e. a policy tool that does not target specific industries or subnational regions.
While the limitations of the available data invite some uncertainty about the magnitude of the HCV epidemic in the region overall, numerous studies provide evidence of high HCV antibody levels (indicating either current or previous infection) in specific countries and subnational regions.
The former provides age-group-specific, sex, and subnational vaccination coverage estimates.
The economic geography and innovation study literature, as well as the Smart Specialization approach, are based on the view that innovation policy tools should be adapted to specific circumstances in different subnational regions.
2 The 2008 EDHS was the source for the estimates of national and subnational age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; number of live births per 1,000 women per year) in 5-year age groups (Table 2).
The subnational model's group-specific risk estimates were applied to group-specific population count estimates for subnational areas to estimate the number of adults with doctor-diagnosed hypertension in subnational areas in 2007.
Signals of a supportive policy environment may include the post-transition program being embedded in national policy or specific program goals being reflected in national and/or subnational plans and budgets.
The fact that each subnational state has the opportunity to pursue specific educational objectives is reflected in the varying importance of the different school types.
They do not consider subnational differences in fertility, such as differences for specific ethnic or occupational groups, or rural-urban differences.
The financing scheme is crucial to implement multifunctional initiatives like synergy as the current mode of budget allocations at national, subnational, and local scales is often earmarked with specific practices which do not encompass the whole spectrum of synergy.
