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Here, I define I1 for a single scientist as the number of authors who appear in at least I1 papers of the specific scientist.
Calculation of I1 requires ranking co-authors in order of decreasing number of papers that they have co-authored with the specific scientist.
Only six of the 13 individuals we talked with by telephone indicated they had a specific scientist in mind while writing to the survey prompt.
Despite the fact that the prompt asked students to refer to specific scientists, only 41 students (33%) named a specific scientist in their responses.
Students who did not name a specific scientist were also more likely to name a Field of Science in their responses (X = 9.44, p = 0.0021).
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You need very specific scientists to do that.
In phase 1, 41 Canadian universities submitted 135 proposals describing the research programs to be created at their institutions, but not the specific scientists they would seek to run them.
In an interview with Martin Enserink, published on ScienceInsider, Bourguignon expressed strong support for basic research in Europe, adding that he will urge national governments to provide steady, reliable support for research now that the ERC is around to fund specific scientists and projects.
If possible, refer to specific scientists and what they tell you about the types of people that do science".
Finally, this prompt encouraged students to name specific scientists when describing the characteristics of scientists, in anticipation that this would help interpret students' thoughts.
Though the essay prompt asked students to refer to specific scientists, only approximately one-third of students named or explicitly described a specific individual they were thinking of when they were writing about the types of people who do science.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com