Research in the field of sustainability in wine has been fostered by the growing interest of the industry and by the active role of institutions - that funds specific research programmes - associations or individual companies.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) supported graduate training or specific research programmes.
This ambitious research programme critically depends on the various more specific research programmes described above that predict phenotypes from genotypes with the help of computable fitness correlates.
The triaged scheme allows specific research programmes to focus on the embryonic stages and follow-on studies that are of strategic scientific importance.
Although these evaluations focused on specific research programmes rather than an overall programme they were of similar funding scope to the HHSRF and also evaluated by the payback framework.
To date most progress in measuring the benefits from research has been made in assessing the impact of research on health policy, either through exploring the impact of specific research programmes [ 45], or examining policy areas for evidence of policy impact [ 46, 47].
Just as importantly, the freedom from having a specific set of research goals (as opposed to an overall research programme) would license researchers to take on new and exciting research projects that crop up serendipitously in the lab, increasing flexibility.
In any case, a "re-invention of the wheel" process, in the sense of personal and project-specific learning, still seems to be somewhat necessary for organising context-specific, temporary interdisciplinary research programmes.
The MIRA plan, which rejects the idea of writing a highly specific proposal, looks primarily at long-term goals for a research programme, taking out a lot of the painstaking preparation and guess-work.
Large-scale research programmes such as FEMHealth are indeed typically organised in work packages, run by small teams of researchers, who tend to focus first on their specific research questions and only later (if time is available) on the overall objectives of the programme.
