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For this receptor there exists no characterized homologue that binds the same ligand (5-oxo-ETE) but there are several closely related orphan receptors such as GPR31, GPR81, GPR109A and GPR109B (primate specific duplicate) that could tentatively be activated by the same ligand.
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As lineage specific duplicates are often found to be the subject to adaptive evolution [11] [13] these genes offer and exciting insight into the specific biology of T. brucei and were investigated further.
It does not contain any extra fish specific duplicates.
They may then represent specific duplicates of kcna genes in the amphioxus lineage.
Since screening was database specific, duplicates were only removed once this process was complete.
We find that 3R specific duplicates can be observed outflanking each pair of Acsl duplicates (Casp3, Ephb1 and Stag2).
The other three gene orders were derived from the duplicate tRNAThr CR gene order by further degenerations or deletions of one copy of specific duplicated genes.
Although this resulted in a significant reduction in the number of kiwi genes retained, such an approach was required to minimize lineage specific duplicates.
There are teleost specific duplicates of SSTR2, -3 and - 5 forming well-supported a- and b-clusters within their respective subtypes.
In support, we find that one of the common carp SCD1 specific duplicates behaves independently of dietary variation in the response to cold induction [ 14].
To test the hypothesis that lineage specific expansion (LSE) of gene families enhances adaptation we compared positive (Darwinian) selection footprints in lineages containing recent and specific duplicated genes to reference lineages containing only single-copy genes.
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