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Antennal specific aldehyde oxidase (AOX) can degrade bombykal [ 7].
Target deconvolution by quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) revealed a preference for specific aldehyde dehydrogenases.
For example, the question of whether aldehyde reductases first produce aldehydes which are then converted to alcohols, or vice versa, may be solved by knocking down specific aldehyde reductases.
No specific aldehyde dehydrogenases were identified among the enzymes that are essential for furanic aldehyde catabolism, although the oxidoreductase of the HMF degradation pathway was shown to also oxidize the alcohol and aldehyde forms of both furfural and HMF (Koopman et al. 2010b).
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This has significant regulatory implications since the environmental toxicology of aldehydes has been previously considered on an individual chemical basis with focus on specific aldehydes (e.g., acrolein or crotonaldehyde) of a subgroup (e.g., α,β-unsaturated aldehydes).
The enhanced production of ROS induced by UVA was further verified based on increased lipid peroxidation of specific aldehydes and a decrease in reduced glutathione, whereas these levels were unaffected after UVB irradiation (Fig. 1e,f).
Numerous studies have shown increased levels of different markers of lipid peroxidation (TBARS or specific aldehydes like malondialdehyde, 8-F2 isorrostanes or 4-hydroksynonenal) in plasma, serum, urine and also, in some cases, in cancer tissue of the women suffering from breast cancer [ 24– 30].
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the most abundant lipid peroxidation-specific aldehyde [ 2].
Moreover, a substrate-specific aldehyde dehydrogenase (betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, BADH) is responsible of glycine betaine biosynthesis [ 38].
The dramatic increase in the emission of some aldehydes such as acrolein is noteworthy, however, since the results suggest that some biodiesel-specific aldehydes may yet be identified.
CSC resistance is mainly achieved due to a series of events: increased Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling, transformation of growth factor-β, hedgehog signaling, increased levels of ATP cassette reports, alteration in DNA repair mechanisms, specific markers (aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, CD90, and CD133) and slow proliferation rate [260].
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