A more direct approach to estimate the influence of Ne on rates of adaptation is to compare closely related species that differ in their effective population size, such as different members from the genus Drosophila.
We investigated how theoretical species that differ in dispersal range, habitat specialization, and commonness are affected by different levels of wood extraction intensity.
This study is the first to describe and compare expression patterns of both protein-coding and antisense transcripts, at different time points after conditioning, of two closely related animal species that differ in LTM formation.
Here, I compare rates of protein evolution in two Drosophila species that differ about 5-fold in their levels of neutral variability, but find little difference in rates of adaptive protein divergence between them.
Comparing phylogenetically related species that differ in ecology can help identify factors that select for flower colors.
Comparing species that differ along particular dimensions (Brosnan, Newton-Fisher, and van Vugt, 2009) is a powerful method for testing hypotheses about adaptive function.
Degaetano et al. (2013) investigated experimentally the run-out resulting from the collapse of a granular column containing two particle species that differ in size only.
This might be other evidence of temporal and spatial resource use complementary (Pretzsch 2014) which allow the coexistence of tree species that differ in structural and functional traits.
Many coexisting species that differ in leaf habit and functional attributes adjust their reproductive abilities (Pérez-Ramos et al. 2014) resulting in different phenological patterns at landscape and community levels of ecological organization.
Our results show that both deciduous and evergreen species have reproductive advantages in mixed compared to pure forests, indicating the coexistence of tree species that differ in structural and functional traits.
In a, new species that differ from their ancestors in this morphological trait have appeared, but this has included both increases and decreases in the parameter in question in roughly equal measure, which means there has been no net change in the average and thus no trend with regard to this feature.
