The lack of morphological evolution, or stasis, of lineages such as Lingula and Sphenodon is in turn due to lack of speciation within those lineages.
The contribution of the initial nutrients, particularly nitrogen content and speciation within the local environment, may be an integral factor.
This interpretation in terms of anagenesis, or transformation, is contrary to the accepted explanation of speciation within evolutionary biology, which is cladogenesis, or branching (e.g., Futuyma [2013]).
The model uses a mole fraction concentration scale, and calculations are based on a pre-defined independent set of end-members that define speciation within the solution.
Because there are no reports in the literature on speciation within G. salicornia, further research would be needed to state that the two clusters are not reproductively isolated.
Spatial and temporal variation in rainfall over long time frames would also have promoted speciation within isolated, poorly-dispersed, leaf succulent populations.
The prediction of our model fits field observations of fly behavior, giving theoretical support to the hypothesis of fly sympatric speciation within its host plant.
Given the difficulty in interpreting mineral structures due to sample heterogeneity, microscopic synchrotron-based XRF, XANES, and EXAFS spectroscopy allows for unique insights into Se speciation within heterogeneous materials such as rocks.
Our study suggests that redox-active HS play an important role for Fe redox speciation within minerals such as magnetite and thereby influence the reactivity of these Fe minerals and their role in biogeochemical Fe cycling.
Moreover, the pig slurry containing ZnS was spread on the soil over an 11-year period, totaling 22 applications, and the resulting Zn speciation within the amended soil was analyzed.
The objective of our study was to understand the role of on-going water-level fluctuations on sediment MeHg concentrations and sulfur speciation within a reservoir 75 years after initial impoundment.
