From this perspective, it is somewhat paradoxical that virtually all sexual selection models of speciation are based on Fisherian runaway.
Arsenic speciation was based on the well-established hydride generation of volatile arsines, followed by cryogenic separation in liquid nitrogen.
Due to the potential for cross-reactivity of sera used in immunodiagnostic methods, we defined cases as having "definitive" speciation if the case was culture-confirmed, and "tentative" speciation if speciation was based entirely on immunodiagnostic methods.
In this report, we reconstruct a global picture of the evolution of the C2H2-ZNF gene repertoires during mammalian speciation that is based on a comprehensive catalogue of all human C2H2-ZNF genes and their syntenic counterparts present in clusters in other mammals.
Like ecological speciation generally, it is based on the coordinated action of ecological and genetic mechanisms for the evolution of reproductive isolation in diverging populations.
We also conclude that speciation in phytomyxids is based on host shifts rather than other co-evolutionary processes [ 44, 45] because of the fundamental (taxonomic) differences between the respective host species.
The chemical speciation program PHREEQE, which is based on an ion-pairing model, was used to calculate the aqueous speciation of compound of interest.[45] The speciation of a compound dictates which aqueous species could possibly interact with pyrite at a given pH.
The activity coefficients were determined from the calculated solution speciation and the stoichiometry is based on XRF analysis.
Following these tests, trans-Isthmian comparisons were made of the geminate pair of Microeuraphia species, and for all pairs of trans-Isthmian Chthamalus species; the latter arrangement is based on speciation that has taken place in the Caribbean (C. proteus/C.fragilis) and Pacific (C. fissus, C. anisopoma, and the TEP species of [7]) subsequent to closure of the Panamanian Isthmus.
In the present work, determination of metal solubilities is based on a simple speciation program that assumes the presence of only one dominant complex for each metal.
