Sentence examples for speciation can lead from inspiring English sources

Subsequent speciation can lead to paralogous relationships between genes from different genomes (referred to as out-paralogues) [ 67].

Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS), a phenomenon where allelic variation does not have time to sort during speciation can lead to problems during phylogenetic reconstruction (Hudson 1983; Tajima 1983; Pinho and Hey 2010).

Moreover, since hybridization is important to speciation and can lead to introgression of traits between plant species, differential feeding (herbivore-induced mortality) can influence the expression of resistance traits of hybrids and ultimately determine the consequences of hybridization.

In contrast, the number of cases of non-overlapping sister species was highly variable, because even small range movements after allopatric speciation can easily lead to some limited geographic overlap between sister species (Fig.  5b).

While physically based explanations of biological speciation are common (e.g., mountains separating a species can lead to speciation), less common is the inverse process examined: can a speciation event have significant influence on physical processes and patterns in a landscape?

Population level divergence can lead to speciation in a number of ways.

If populations are sufficiently subdivided so that there is no gene flow (movement of individuals and their genes among populations), random processes can lead to speciation.

Polyploidization can lead to speciation or creation of distinct reproductively-isolated cytotypes within a species.

Together with differences in selection pressures within a population, appearance or changes in alternative splicing can lead to speciation.

It is widely accepted that hybridization between genetically differentiated natural plant populations is a frequent phenomenon, which contributes to genome evolution, and can lead to speciation via allopolyploidy or at the homoploid level [ 1- 6].

Another consideration is that divergence itself can lead to speciation due to the accumulation of hybrid incompatibilities (an idea developed in the Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller model; [ 62, 63]), and this applies regardless of how the substitutions are caused (i.e. whether they are drift-mediated or adaptive substitutions).