Most leaf-cutter ant species excavate specialized subterranean refuse chambers [3], [14], while a few deposit their waste in specialized and localized aboveground piles [3], [15] (Figure 1C).
The storage bunkers and specialized containers for the waste take several years to build.
The nature of the process and of the specialized structures developed for waste disposal vary greatly with the size and complexity of the organism.
These requirements include fragile handling, shelf life, waste disposal, specialized storage needs, electrical power requirements, infection prevention, and training.
But using specialized microbial fermentation, the surplus wasted acid whey could be converted into value-added chemicals.
BE SKEPTICAL Don't waste your money on specialized nutrients.
This is a splendid name for an affliction, and we hate to see it wasted on such a specialized minority.
The latter finding is consistent with Case 3B in which those switching into entrepreneurship are unable to fully balance their skills and waste some of their specialized human capital investments from the first period.
This chapter presents ways to generate power from wastes, which is a very specialized industry.
Scooping up all the city's millions of tons of rubbish with no time or labor wasted in sorting or in specialized pickups would save pots of money in the short term.
