Sentence examples for specialized penetration from inspiring English sources

Based on the described cell wall penetration process by these short hyphae within a short and uniform distance from the branching point, the authors suggested a specialized penetration function for this structure.

Differing from many other phytopathogenic fungi, Z. tritici does not form any specialized penetration or feeding structures and remains strictly apoplastic throughout the entire infection cycle.

The production of PG enzymes is particularly important for the success and survival of O. ulmi as it is a pathogen that enters the host directly through a pre-existing wound and therefore lacks specialized penetration structures [ 50].

Swollen hyphae rather than specialized appressoria were used as penetration tools.

The accumulation of melanin in the appressorium cell wall and subsequent increase of glycerol levels in its interior generates high turgor pressure [ 2], which then leads to the formation of a penetration peg, a specialized hypha that is responsible for puncturing the plant epidermis and entering the plant cell [ 3, 4].

Teleost fish skin is a multifunctional natural material with high penetration resistance owing to specialized puncture mechanisms of both the individual scale and the intact scaled integument.

Unlike M. grisea, the other hemibiotrophic analyzed, F. graminearum and M. perniciosa does not have specialized structures (appressoria) for non-enzymatic penetration of plants, and colonizing the apoplast by breaching the middle lamella barrier (Fig. 7).

From the lower surface of the appressorium, a penetration peg emerges which penetrates the cell wall and invades the host epidermal cell to form a specialized intracellular structure called a haustorium.

In most fungal pathosystems, pre-penetration resistance is associated with specialized physical and chemical features of plant surface which help reduce the incidence of landing, adhesion, germination, appressorium formation and penetration of pathogenic fungi [ 79].

Following germination, the germ tube tip develops into a specialized structure, called the appressorium, from which emerges a penetration peg that directly penetrates into plant tissues [ 19].

ACE1 is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level; transcripts are only found in the penetration peg of the fungus, a specialized hypha that allows ingress through the surface of the leaf and into the plant cell [ 81].