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More important, clusters increase not only the demand for specialized inputs but also their supply.
Other things being equal, then, local outsourcing is a better solution than distant outsourcing, especially for advanced and specialized inputs involving embedded technology, information, and service content.
The answer, among other reasons, is that they have innovated at every step in the value chain, creating technology and highly specialized inputs that enhance resource productivity and offset the country's natural disadvantages.
Further, biotechnology is a knowledge-based industry that tends to exhibit spatial clusters, and the firms in such industries may collocate to benefit from gaining access to local markets for specialized inputs (e.g., skilled researchers) and from local knowledge spillovers and network externalities.
The specialized inputs in the second scenario could be some enrichment services like CrowdSource, crawling services like 80legs or address sellers like xDayta [18].
On the other hand, there are also mechanisms rationalizing an effect from firm size to productivity growth: expanding firms may invest in new technologies, learn about more efficient methods of production, use more specialized inputs, and/or better coordinate their resources.
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Concentrations of downstream hospitals form a large potential outsourcing demand for intermediate inputs, which allows specialized input providers to achieve an efficient scale of production and thereby provide the input services at a lower cost.
Video game controllers often have specialized input labels that do not map easily.
We speculate that the maturation of the structures of layers 4 and 5 is coordinated so that the primary sensory areas are specialized for input reception.
Herein, several schemes, specialized for arbitrary inputs such as earthquake induced ground motions, are presented for direct numerical integration of such equations to obtain the dynamic response of multi-degrees-of-freedom damper structure systems.
These breeds, normally known by their low milk production with very little or no-specialized inputs, accounts 70 80% of Africa's cattle population (Ibrahim and Olaluku 2000).
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