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The specialization threshold and the diversity index were used to compare offender subgroups by referral status (committed versus observed) and offense type (rape, child molestation, and incest).
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We are interested in the evolution of long-term specialization, in which threshold distributions are thought to play a large role.
In accordance with this argument, we observed higher values of specialization in simulations where thresholds evolved in complete linkage (see section E of the ESM).
Even in the absence of switching costs, evolutionary branching of (one of the) thresholds and worker specialization evolved.
Johnson (2010) showed that when considering multiple tasks, the spatial distribution of task stimuli can lead to short-term specialization, even in the absence of thresholds.
The main constraint on specialization in the current implementation of the threshold model is the need for non-random variation, where a part of the colony must have θ1 >> θ2, and the other part θ1 << θ2.
The level of specialization of the colonies depends on the thresholds possessed by the parents of the colony.
In the previous simulations specialization only evolved when a bimodal distribution of thresholds evolved due to evolutionary branching (as in Fig. 3b).
When increasing the number of matings, threshold branching and the associated evolution of specialization occurred in fewer and fewer simulations.
If mating would preferentially occur between reproductives with a complementary threshold, a much higher degree of task specialization within the colony would result.
Higher response thresholds are not necessarily contradictory with task specialization as they may reflect higher selectivity for a given stimulus, a factor necessary for specialization to occur and develop, and that may be adaptive in particular situations.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com