Formal consensus development methods that involved learning across specialities led to feasible recommendations for improved MDT meeting effectiveness in a wide range of settings.
The development of focused sonography in many specialities, leads to an increased diversity of practitioners and a broad new range of applications [2, 8].
This argument has been known ever since as the Coase theorem, and "The Problem of Social Cost" produced not just law and economics as a speciality study in economics but led to the new institutionalism in industrial organization referred to earlier.
The chemical modification of unsaturated polymers via catalytic hydrogenation has led to a number of high-performance elastomers (speciality high-priced products).
Nalini Saxena, 23, with an undergraduate degree from Columbia in neuroscience, had a job lined up as an epidemiologist at the New York City Health Department until the events of Sept. 11 led to a shift in financing, from lead poisoning, her speciality, to bioterrorism.
This lack of integration has been recognised as a particular problem in Australia, [ 6, 38, 39, 44, 45] and has led to the UK [ 46] making recommendations to promote links between these specialities.
For craft specialities, such as anaesthesia, there are concerns that a reduction in working hours has also led to a reduction in the time available for learning and that ultimately this may affect patient care.
There is no single pattern and the different experiences of the three specialities studied seem to lead to different patterns.
In addition MMC has allowed foundation doctors the opportunity to take a short rotation in anaesthesia, or a related specialty such as intensive care medicine; exposure that would more likely lead to a career in the speciality, but would not necessarily lead to an improvement in overall results.
The feminisation of medicine and especially of some specialities can be expected to lead to fundamental changes in the medical system.
