Whatever the transmission route, phylogenetic studies reveal that closely related reproductive parasite strains may specialise on closely related arthropod species; either reflecting symbiont adaptation to similar hosts or the frequency of horizontal transmission opportunities [ 6, 22].
In contrast, some other pathogens specialised on the transcellular mechanism and invade epithelial or specialised M cells at the apical surface followed by intracellular trafficking and exit these cells at the basolateral membrane [ 81, 82].
Mauro BRUNI (PHD) is a Co-founder and partner at Areté srl, research and consultancy company specialised on the agriculture and agro-food sector.
FK is a scientist in evolutionary biology particularly on biotic interactions, specialised on the Ficus pollinating wasps co-evolution.
Ecotypes specialised on the unexploited part of the resource spectrum (i.e., small- and large-billed birds) actually have a selective advantage when rare, since they are less affected by competition by conspecifics.
Existing research on this topic is still mostly qualitative, fragmented, difficult to compare or aggregate and generally specialised on certain aspects.
In time he will face the dilemma which besets all British men's team pursuiters, which is whether to specialise on the road or the track, but for Friday night he looked simply delighted.
He originally learned both snowboarding and skiing, before specialising on the skis.
He was always capable of playing soprano in a style strongly derivative of Bechet's, but he chose to specialise on the alto from the time he joined Chick Webb's band in the mid-20s.
Likelihood ratio tests indicated the possibility of hard molecular polytomies within two co-radiating gall-inducing species complexes specialising on the same set of host species.
