Recolonisations might be expected to occur after initial contact with Acacia if there was an extended period before resource specialisation, and where host ranges include several plant taxa [ 20, 36, 37].
It may be noted, though, that the use of birth interventions is more widespread in societies with high levels of hospitalisation and specialisation and where private health services are prevalent [ 25, 28- 31].
Michael Knapton, associate medical director of the British Heart Foundation, says: "It is a failure of the specialisation of medicine where doctors look after an organ, rather than a person.
Some degree of specialisation of nurses, where they can be well trained and develop expertise may be desirable and this has been noted in a recent study of the barriers to integration of sexual and reproductive health services [ 38].
It is also likely that practices in a small clinic employing a clinical officer and one or two nurses, who take on a range of service activities, is different to a district hospital or large urban clinic where more specialisation occurs.
Although there are a few instances of convergence in phyllostomids [ 3, 4], the dietary divergence presents a strong phylogenetic structure [ 24, 36], where most specialisations occurred only once and many of the main lineages (recognised as subfamilies in most taxonomic studies [ 33]) are relatively homogeneous morphologically and ecologically.
Group living, especially where it involves behavioural specialisation, is likely to provide benefits from many sources, such as enhanced task efficiency [ 3, 4, 9, 18- 20] and protection against predators [ 21- 23].
This investment plan is part of the European 2020 strategy, where the concept of Smart Specialisation is also included.
For others, where motives related to career specialisation, the potential work in a hospital environment, and the multiple career pathways available, fitted with students' aspirations.
The third level comprised pedagogical-psychological services and family counselling, where most providers have some specialisation in mental health, as they commonly handle behavioural problems.
