See statistics: Special probability distributions.
In the second step, based on a special probability function calculated using the obtained PDFs, new damage indices are proposed and both damage locations and damage severities are identified.
For a given network, a special probability distribution, namely the centrality distribution associated with the links of a network can be determined based on the number of the shortest paths passing through each link.
The valid ones are those which, in the special sense, preserve probability or conditional probability.
In this sense, classical logic is a special case of probability logic, or equivalently, probability logic is an extension of classical logic.
The probability of individual units within strata to be sampled can nevertheless be calculated, which makes this type of sampling a special case of probability sampling and different from non-probability or purposive sampling as described by Cameron et al. (2003).
To consider this class of model uncertainties, a special technique of probability measure transformations is developed.
The Csiszar's f-divergence Γ f incorporated most of special cases of probability measure distances, including the variation distance, χ 2 -divergence, information for discrimination or generalized entropy, information gain, mutual information, mean square contingency, etc. Γ f has many applications to almost all applied sciences where stochastics enters.
In this special case, the probability of soft sweeps from recurrent de novo mutation depends primarily on the population-scale mutation rate toward the adaptive allele, Θ = 2 Ne UA, and is largely independent of the strength of selection (Pennings and Hermisson 2006a).
It is worth noting that the intercept probability is a special case of secrecy outage probability when the target secrecy data rate is set to zero.
