Then, the positions of the speakers are obtained by using the video information.
Then, the transformation matrix for a new speaker is obtained in a MAP criterion.
However, it is under the assumption that the true feature space of the neutral speaker was obtained.
In the above equation, Wnew, aug can be computed using a technique similar to MLLR adaptation and the weight of the new speaker is obtained by W ̂ new = W new, aug U dim (16).
In MLLR adaptation, the updated model for a new speaker is obtained by linearly transforming the SI model (assuming a global regression matrix): μ new, r = W new ξ r, ξ r = ω μ SI, r (54).
If denotes a set of single-Gaussian HMM models trained from a large population of speakers, then the optimal warping factor for the th speaker, is obtained by maximizing the likelihood of the warped utterances with respect to the model and the transcription [14]: (13).
Evidence of real or potential conflicts of interest (i.e., financial support in the form of honoraria, education support, research funding, or identification as a consultant or speaker) was obtained by searching Google using each physician's name combined with Sanofi-Aventis.
The help of a native speaker was obtained for studies published in languages other than English, German, or Dutch.
For a batch of recognition data from one speaker, hypothesized transcriptions were obtained using the SI model in the first pass.
For all adult speakers, speech intelligibility scores were obtained by analysing the recorded speech using the automated procedure in [29].
