The results demonstrated that both identification and discrimination training increased accuracy of Japanese speakers' perception and production of English /r/ /l/ in similar ways, but that there was little added benefit to using the two training methods in combination.
To summarize, even though the duration of the first syllable was a significant predictor of the categorization results, it was by far not the only cue to this end: speakers' perception of quantity depended significantly on the duration of the syllable following the first stressed one, and, robustly on whether the first syllable had a level or a falling tone.
He argues that it is the speakers' perceptions of non-contextual features of environment and how they can be accommodated into their world view that motivate choices in construing contexts.
In theory, the two readings can be distinguished by checking whether a particular reading is about the speaker's subjective knowledge or is about how the relevant proposition will/would come about independently of speaker perception and judgment.
For example, Thierry et al. (2009) provides evidence that an obligatory lexical distinction between light and dark blue affects Greek speakers' color perception in the left hemisphere only.
Moreover, such a choice can also reflect the speaker's perception of the potential response from the hearer and help him construct a desirable self-image.
It has been suggested that a speaker's perception of increased phonatory effort associated with periods of prolonged voice use is related to increased lung pressure required to initiate and sustain phonation.
If in speaking, the speaker's perception of context activates her choice of meanings, then also the meanings meant in speaking construe contexts; and the same relation of activation and construal holds, mutatis mutandis, between meaning and lexicogrammar (p.223).
Hasan (1999) explains this dialogic perspective thusly: If in speaking, the speaker's perception of context activates her choice of meanings, then also the meanings meant in speaking construe contexts; and the same relation of activation and construal holds, mutatis mutandis, between meaning and lexicogrammar (p.223).
Abnormalities include verbosity, abrupt transitions, literal interpretations and miscomprehension of nuance, use of metaphor meaningful only to the speaker, auditory perception deficits, unusually pedantic, formal or idiosyncratic speech, and oddities in loudness, pitch, intonation, prosody, and rhythm.
Speakers dismissed the perception that the media was obsessed with spin and rejected suggestions that they did not focus enough on policies.
