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With this regard, speaker orientation also represents an important issue in our experimental task.
In the doubly negated construction, 可/可以 kě/kěyǐ always expresses deontic modality with a strong speaker orientation.
Additionally, both readings of 必 bì are speaker oriented; they apparently differ in the fact that deontic 必 bì has a strong addressee additional to the speaker orientation.
57 shows that the word order should be "咩 me + 嗬 ho", which suggests that the FP with the addressee orientation should be syntactically higher than the FP with the speaker orientation.
Since modal 必 bì also expresses deontic modality, the speaker orientation of propositions with 必 bì seems to be the semantic link between the deontic and the epistemic functions.
In this regard, they show the same orientation, i.e. a speaker orientation as true deontics do according to Hacquard (2006: 114): the latter display a speaker/addressee orientation (Sp/A-O).
Similar(54)
I argue that this recurrent orderly distribution should not be viewed as an outcome pre-determined by the sequence's structure, but rather as an embodiment of the would-be next speakers' orientation to the fit between the incipient turn entry and the currently on-going talk.
The noun "snout" suggests the shape of the land, and maybe the speaker's orientation: the nose leads when you are following an instinct.
In addition, the imperative format turn and do you want to X including the follow up talk contain elements that demonstrate speaker's orientation to dimensions such as cost and benefit of the social action.
This paper examines how the choice between proximal and distal deixis may reveal a speaker's attitudinal orientation toward the referent being invoked.
AS THE FALL SEMESTER BEGAN IN 2009, Reich helped welcome all new graduate students to Berkeley as the keynote speaker at their orientation.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com