Afterwards, a 10-Gaussian GMM is estimated to model the stream of speaker factors (as in[12]), where each Gaussian will be assigned to a single speaker.
The discriminative nature of these sparse signal processing techniques has been exploited in numerous face and speaker recognition studies [4-6], whave havemployededictionarieses comprising GMM mean supervectors [4,43] or speaker factors [6] and achieved good experimental success.
Given a sequence of feature vectors, 20 speaker factors are estimated for every frame over a 100-frame window and then transformed with the within-class covariance normalization (WCCN [26] in order to compensate for the intra-session variability.
The speaker factor analysis technique which received attention in the field of speaker verification was successfully adopted in two presented diarization systems.
Although the presented systems have several features in common, such as the use of mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) or agglomerative clustering, there are also many differences among them, e.g., online-optimized processing (for live audio input), speaker factor analysis[12], dot-scoring similarity[13], or acoustic fingerprinting[14].
During speech activity of one speaker, coupling factors K ̂ ( ℓ, k ) between the particular signals can now be computed.
However, in order to successfully adopt ASR in any practical application, high robustness to non-stationary speaker and environmental factors is required.
We further conducted a 2 × 2 ANOVA with degradation type (same/different) and speaker (same/different) as factors within this region.
So long as Limbaugh remains the de factor Speaker of the House (which has not passed any legislation Limbaugh opposes in this session of Congress since the Fiscal Cliff fix), his efforts to politicize Ebola over the airwaves require attention, diagnosis and quarantine, just like any other hazardous material.
For each of these analyses there was one between-group factor (speaker group with five levels: LE who stuttered, BIL who stuttered, MONO who stuttered, FB who were LE, FB who were BIL) and one within-groups factor (assessment stage with two levels: key stage one, key stage two).
On top of those factors, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of California and Representative Steny H. Hoyer of Maryland, the majority leader, have joined Mr. Emanuel and other party leaders in raising millions of dollars and persuading strong candidates to take a chance on a House race.
