"Eastern-stream" Bantu speakers, associated with the earliest farming communities in the well-watered eastern half of Southern Africa, date from the 2nd to the 5th century ce.
Thus, if on the old view the "meaning" of an expression (the descriptions speakers associated with it) fixed the reference of the expression, on the new theory, the referent fixes the meaning.
The best interpretation of yi in contexts concerning language, then, seems to be as a general notion of "thought" or a more specific notion of "intention," and not as semantic meaning.[11] To sum up, the Dialectics presents a theory of language on which reference is explained by speakers' associating words with kinds of similar objects, events, or situations (shí).
refer to the original dubee, even if the speaker associates the name with a description that is untrue of that dubee.
Rather, the reference-fixing content is identical to the totality of a given speaker's 'intentional content' — that is, the totality of mental content a given speaker associates with the name in question.
In either case, the individual referred to by means of the name is determined (or, as it is often put, is 'picked out' or 'fixed') by the particular descriptive content the speaker associates with that name.
It must be because the speaker associates certain application conditions and perhaps other descriptive information with the term 'woodpick', which single out woodpicks—rather than all tools or just the facing surfaces of woodpicks—as the denotation of the term.
In his 1980 (originally presented as a series of lectures in 1970) Saul Kripke argued, among many other things, that the reference of a name is not determined by identifying descriptions a speaker associates with the name but rather by real world connections between uses of names and objects.
The basic idea behind both accounts is that a linguistic item as used by some speaker is associated with certain semantic properties just in case the association between the linguistic item and the semantic property figures in the psychological processes through which the speaker assigns meanings (or truth-conditions) to sentences.
The identity of a speaker is associated with the spectral envelope of the speech signal, and with its prosody attributes: pitch, duration, and energy.
Another decision you will have to make involves whether you'll buy a traditional pair of stereo speakers, or if you'll opt for the five- or six-speaker ensemble associated with home theaters.
