Howell, Au-Yeung, and Sackin (1999) data show that function word dysfluencies are about four times higher in these speakers than fluent speakers in this age range.
It is used predominantly among speakers between ages 20 and 60, but is not as preferred by speakers outside this age range, demonstrating a polynomial relationship with speaker age.
In the earlier age range, speakers who stutter had a high incidence of OME and there was some ambivalent evidence for a central auditory deficit.
A questionnaire with sounds recorded from Koshik was administered to 16 native Korean speakers living in Germany (age range 27 52; 9 females, 7 males) who were instructed to transcribe the elephant imitations that they were going to hear, using the Korean alphabet, but not being bound by the existence of Korean words.
The age range of speakers is 11 58 years old.
The OI group consisted of four older men (age range 41 51 years; one US English speaker and three British English speakers), with no experience of WVT, who were recruited later from IHR to determine if age was a factor in the intensity of whispers.
Thus, although temperament differs between speakers who stutter and controls in this age range, this factor does not seem to mediate specific language development landmarks.
For the adult test set, speech utterances from 27 speakers (23 Males and 4 Females) in an age range of 30 45 (Average: 41.3) were chosen.
For the older test set, speech data from 12 speakers (10 Males and 2 Females) in the age range of 60 85 (Average: 68.4) were used.
As such, ten healthy native speakers of English (seven females, three males; mean age 69 years, age range 62 74 years) participated in the study.
41 young (age range 19 28, including 17 Tyr carriers; genotyping protocol available upon request), right-handed native speakers of German (19 female) participated in the study.
