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Additionally, a small number of breeders, a skewed sex ratio, or high annual variance in the spawning population size may diminish the effective population size (Ryman and Laikre 1991; Hansen et al. 2000a; Wang and Ryman 2001) and thereby increase genetic drift.
From this perspective, an evaluation of European eel population genetic structure, genetic diversity, effective (spawning) population size, and possible evolutionary responses to anthropogenic environmental stress is crucial.
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First, we use equilibrium wild spawner population size as an indicator of the demographic effects of the cultured population.
Alternately, if the cultured population is relatively well adapted to wild conditions (θ C close to 1), then more escapees survive natural selection, and the total spawner population size is larger (Fig. 2 top row).
The proportion of hatchery-origin fish in the broodstock varies depending on the size of the naturally spawning population.
General linear modeling was also used to assess if median date of arrival of a population was related to in-river migration distance, to the population size or sea-age class structure of the spawning population.
The species has been overfished for years and the spawning population is now down to 16% of its original size, according to the Oceanic Fisheries programme manager, John Hampton.
A brood stock, an adult spawning population of shellfish, provides seeds to maintain the wild stock.
Conventional tagging data were used to estimate the proportion of the spawning population density function encompassed by the closed area.
All individuals were collected during spawning, except for the Öland and the Gotland samples that presumably belong to the Bornholm basin spawning population.
Yearly estimates of the proportion of each spawning population passing through the fishery are not available.
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