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Our replicated transects perpendicular to the stream channel across sharp gradients in carcasses and throughout the length of the stream along a broad range of salmon spawning densities allowed multiple paired comparisons of growth and nitrogen isotope signatures of trees.
Moreover, observations of variable density-dependent mortality at low spawning densities could lead to a net nutrient export from freshwater ecosystems, as more nutrients leave as smolts than are returned as adults (Moore & Schindler, 2004).
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The spawning density was affected by riverine nutrients in near-shore areas, which suggests that nutrient loading from agricultural lands played an essential role in food availability for spawners.
The distribution of δN in these terrestrial invertebrate groups thus appears to be directly correlated to salmon spawning density and biomass, and subsequent predator activity, a pattern that has been observed for δN in ground beetles (Carabidae) occurring between watersheds on Vancouver Island [ 7].
Chum salmon stray at similar rates to other Pacific salmon (Johnson et al. 1997), but high spawner densities may increase stray rates (reviewed in Quinn 1993).
Evaluation of weight of parameter for spawning of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, and prediction of spawn density per unit area.
Observed fluctuations in selection may be due to factors such as changes in precipitation, proportion of 2-year-old versus 3-year-old males, sex ratio and spawner density, as well as the occurrence of catastrophic events (flooding).
Conventional tagging data were used to estimate the proportion of the spawning population density function encompassed by the closed area.
It can be instructive to think of this effect as having two components: ageing individuals that survived until fishing ceased gradually find themselves in a denser population that decelerates their growth and reproduction, while new cohorts spawned under higher densities will grow slower also early in life, thus exhibiting different adult characteristics than their parents.
Large fish were collected from both the inner shelf and shelf break; spawning fractions and egg densities were high inshore and low offshore.
We set up a waterproof camcorder (Panasonic SDR-SW20) on a tripod in spawning aggregations with high densities of male moor frogs.
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