Restored pools were less frequently used than un-manipulated pools, but restored runs were used up to 6 times more frequently than un-manipulated runs, indicating that restoration of the shallowest parts of the channel increased spawning opportunities for P. grandiceps.
For example, the recycling boost has spawned opportunities in the poultry industry.
Except for a fixed minimum flow, water is drained away from the first 4.4 km of the river downstream of the dam, thus reducing spawning opportunities severely (Aass et al. 1989) and also providing a poor incubation habitat with high risk of drought and/or freezing owing to the low water flow during winter.
Growth spawns opportunity.
However, once the first spawning opportunity has passed and even slow growing fish are large enough to have a moderate chance of survival in the ocean, it takes too long and exposes fish to too much risk of freshwater mortality to grow to a large enough size to spawn with much success as a resident female at an even older age.
On the Mokelumne it appears that many fish can reach a size large enough to smolt at age 1, but the slower-growing fish are better served to mature as YOY and spawn at age 1 (Fig. 8B) rather than risk the extra freshwater mortality associated with waiting to smolt at age 2 (since much less time must elapse before the age 1 spawning opportunity compared to age 2 emigration).
The spread of the Internet and mobile phone technology will spawn new opportunities for growth.
And they said the officers who were leaving now were, as often as not, being drawn from their jobs by employment opportunities spawned by the vibrant economy.
"If fencing is considered part of the restoration, we can pay for that," she added, Restoration grazing in Maryland has even spawned niche entrepreneurial opportunities for beef cattle and goat farmers, who have found a profitable way to fatten their livestock for market, Mr. Smith said.
Ivany also believes that natural selection may have played a role, as clams who lived longer would have had more opportunities to spawn.
