The same conclusion can be drawn regarding features coded in V1: Danilova and Mollon [49] report delayed discrimination thresholds for spatially separated spatial frequency and orientation stimuli that are markedly higher than thresholds reported when sample and test are presented to the same position [18].
Given this variability in the universality and/or magnitude of the observed effects across spatially separated systems, spatial replication in future studies of above-belowground interactions, and of ecology in general, is needed to provide a better understanding of the generality of the ongoing processes.
Thus, these models are inappropriate for capturing the likely localized nature of the residual spatial autocorrelation, which may contain sub-region of spatial smoothness separated by step changes.
This pattern indicates that a more complex model is necessary to better fit the data, suggesting that two spatial expansions separated by a period of demographic contraction may be more accurate (Model 2).
To visualize the different PM2.5 spatial patterns separated by AOD availability, we used the fitted non-AOD model to predict daily PM2.5 concentrations on AOD grid-days in the entire domain.
Suppose, for instance, that a certain spatial distance separates two bodies, and that one of the bodies is, and the other is not, undergoing a translation relative to its neighboring bodies.
We have not specified which events lie in the future and past of which other events, how much time elapses between these events, which events are simultaneous with others so that they can form three dimensional spaces, what spatial distances separates these events and many more related properties.
Energy and/or momentum transfer occurs when there is a flow of energy from the A-object to the B-object, which will be given by the time rate of change of energy and/or momentum across the spatial surface separating the A-object and the B-object.
Both inside and out there would be spatial divisions separating groups of various sizes.
Contrary to metric proximity, no spatial gap separates the material entities of a cluster (table 3).
