Within the fuzzy boundary of each space of activity, relevant stakeholders and their respective spatial projects and activities could be identified.
In this paper, we explore the relationship between the institutions and governance processes behind spatial projects currently taking place in the interface of four European port cities: Marseille, Barcelona, Hamburg, and Rotterdam.
In addition, development orientations that foresee an on-going port migration process away from the urban core are still common among urban planning and policy makers, which impedes on the joint governance processes needed for building renewed, sustainable port city relations and spatial projects.
In the graphic "Examples of Spatial Humanities Projects," three projects in historical "humanities mapping" are shown: General Lee's view of Gettysburg, how Auschwitz was constructed and how witchcraft charges spread so rapidly in Salem, Mass., and beyond.
When participants discuss spatial planning projects they typically express concerns and comments by pointing to places on a map.
One of the most innovative approaches is the 2D spatial typography projects, meaning 2D typographic applications on architectural surfaces like walls, ceilings, stairways etc.
Microsoft Research has an interesting set of spatial crowdsourcing projects, focusing on mechanisms to encourage ordinary people to perform tasks at specific locations.7 The gMission system [28] is a platform to support spatial crowdsourcing and provides a range of features including matching potential workers with tasks, but our work focuses on which areas to query rather than workers.
For decreasing resolution (i.e., increase in pixel size), the contribution of the SBL turbulence to error rapidly decreases with resolution (i.e., pixel size increase); it reaches ± 0.5 °C at 50 m, the resolution selected for recent spatial mission projects, with only little variations thereafter.
Thus Rotterdam, along with area water boards, is working on integrating climate adaptation concerns into its infrastructure maintenance programs and its spatial planning projects, according to Chief Resilience Officer Molenaar.
Thanks to documentarian Michael Levin of Rebooting History, The Spatial History Project at Stanford University, for help with this piece. .
The "Tangibles for Augmenting Spatial Cognition" project, discussed later in this article, illustrates how working within this design space can lead to interfaces that engage specific aspects of spatial cognition and how to evaluate that engagement.
