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In the application of the approach the landscape-level spatial objective was to cluster old forest stands (age⩾80) and simultaneously maintain a predefined cutting volume.
Overall the proposed SORT (Spatial Objective Relational Transformation) approach appears very promising for inferring the necessarily approximate categorical relationships used in the CoCoMac system.
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A comparison between solutions, one without and three with differently weighted spatial objectives, showed that the network of selected stands was more clustered with than without spatial objectives.
The use of the spatial objectives increased costs and the area slightly, and the non-spatial objectives were met almost equally in all solutions.
Despite their importance, questions remain regarding the assessment of silvicultural treatments designed to meet spatial objectives.
This article reviews an array of forest planning approaches where spatial objectives are taken into account in optimization.
Several non-spatial and spatial objectives for quality, area, and spatial distribution of forests were defined in cooperation with forest managers.
The algorithm calculated cost benefit ratios for the stands on the basis of how well each stand fulfilled the non-spatial and spatial objectives and at what cost.
Although optimization can become very complicated, it is technically possible to include spatial objectives in planning where several private forest owners are involved simultaneously.
The present work is rooted to an understanding of a more general research effort, aimed at exploring the conceptualization and representation attitudes of human agents toward space, particularly toward reaching spatial objectives.
Our findings show that waterway renewal incorporates additional functionalities in terms of capacity (expansion or reduction), but not so much in terms of quality (combining transportation aims with spatial objectives such as ecology or regional development).
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