The paper recommends a relook of planners' role in spatial planning in Ghana, emphasising a shift from development decision making to actors and facilitators of socio-spatial initiatives by community residents.
In addition, a regional initiative, the Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative, led by the governments of Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland, exclusively used IRS.
They are also heavily exploited and, as a result, are the focus of numerous spatial planning initiatives.
Furthermore, RMUs allow for identification of geographic barriers to gene flow, and can provide valuable guidance to marine spatial planning initiatives that integrate spatial distributions of protected species and human activities.
One of the policies adopted along with LED was the creation of Spatial Development Initiatives (SDIs) in 1997 by the South African Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), intended to promote and encourage private investment and development in areas that were considered to have the greatest potential for growth.
The Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative came out of the meetings of this group.
The Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative (LSDI), a development program between the governments of Mozambique, South Africa, and Swaziland with a large malaria prevention component, demonstrated the value of this approach.
In particular, the Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative had strong support at the highest levels of government in Mozambique and South Africa: "We have political personalities who realize the importance of it.
In South Africa's Eastern Cape Province, a social audit covered five cycles of a regional economic development programme, the Wild Coast Spatial Development Initiative.
In response to increasing evidence of resistance to sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (SP), a study was conducted in Maputo in 2002 using SP and artesunate at health facility and community levels (Lubombo Spatial Development Initiative 2003).
Between 1997, 2000, 2004, and 2007 there was a consistent fall in the proportion of respondents who had heard of the spatial development initiative (SDI) in the region, intended to boost the economy and support small enterprises.
