This spatial exclusion has impacts not only on their social participation and their feeling of being part of urban community, but also on their actual mobility options.
Therefore, the lack of coordination and common legislation could be a major threat regarding accident liability [73] or fuelling the digital divide and deriving social and spatial exclusion.
Embodied practices define the landscape of reproduction; bodies form a symbolic terrain over which struggles for urban space are fought; and the dynamics of emotional, embodied contact produce geographies of social and spatial exclusion.
Another point to be added that further potentiate the NE stability is the polymeric and bulky flexible structure of poloxamer which can stabilize the nanosystem by creating spatial exclusion, cover the surface of nanodroplets efficiently and avoid the formation of van der Waals forces between the nanodroplets (Pratiwi et al. 2016; Seo et al. 2015).
However, agencies (such as UN-Habitat) promoting this make the point that in many parts of the world current urban planning systems are actually part of the problem: they serve to promote social and spatial exclusion, are anti-poor, and are doing little to secure environmental sustainability.
Spatial exclusion of DENV from Wolbachia-infected tissue and cells has been shown via immunofluorescence microscopy of mosquito sections [8].
Thus apparent aversion between behavioural or morphological castes [8], [10] resulting in spatial segregation of individuals might arise from indirect spatial exclusion rather than direct repulsion.
Behavioral observations of interspecific interactions at feeding sites suggested feeding priority of M. murinus [ 52], making spatial exclusion by direct interactions with M. berthae therefore unlikely.
To assess the importance of interspecific competition between mouse lemurs as a function of spatial and temporal heterogeneities, we examined their distribution for potential spatial exclusion from degraded and non-degraded habitat transects in dry and rainy seasons, respectively.
Interspecific spatial exclusion of M. murinus despite overlapping ecological requirements might be prevented by this mouse lemur's acceptance of habitats unsuitable to C. medius, which therefore represent competitor-free rainy season refuges.
