Exact(22)
The risk factors varied across states and did not clearly explain the observed spatial disease spread.
This research demonstrates the contributions that spatial disease ecology and landscape genetics can make to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of infectious diseases.
Considering the route of human-to-human transmission of influenza, the change in peak timing in adjacent geographical areas can manifest in a form of traveling waves, a special case of spatial disease dynamics.
Macroeconomic models can be further integrated with available spatial disease spread models which reflect disease transmission.
This method investigates spatial disease patterns and evaluates uncertainty of geographic data.
Distance plays a vital role in studies assessing spatial disease patterns as well as access to hospital services.
Similar(37)
Advances in statistical methods in the last decade include the extension of spatial disease-mapping models to incorporate the time dimension (see, e.g., Knorr-Held 2000; Waller et al. 1997).
GIS-based approaches have so far proven useful in retrospectively identifying spatial diseases patterns or environmental factors likely to contribute to the expression of genetically determined diseases.
In the first stage, we investigated spatial trend, disease clustering, and clusters using a combination of generalized additive models (GAM), spatial K-functions, and scan statistics.
Existence of spatial autocorrelation (disease clustering or second-order effect) was evaluated using a difference between K-functions [ 36] for PCVAD-positive and PCVAD-negative herds [D s)] [ 37].
If, on the other hand, death is associated to diseases, the spatial pattern of disease spreading could be hugely influenced by the self-organized barriers of empty lattice sites caused by death.
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