L. culpaeus and C. chinga used continuous native vegetation most frequently, but also used dense conifer plantations and tended to be more abundant in firebreaks and sparse plantations than in dense plantations.
Fig. 10 Estimated marginal means of bulk density (g/cm3) in the of 0 15 cm soil layer across different land use/land cover systems and altitudes Fig. 11 Eucalyptus plantation showing sparse undergrowth (a); absence of undergrowth with light canopy (b); native forest showing dense undergrowth (c); dark forest canopy with mushroom growing on plant remains (d).
Low management coffee plantations had a structurally and taxonomically diverse canopy of shade trees of mostly native species, high-management plantations had a sparse, single-layer shade canopy consisting primarily of planted Inga trees, while medium-management plantations had a shade canopy of intermediate diversity and structural complexity.
Still shots of preaching reverends, half-drowned buildings, the weave shop, and plantation houses against a sparse synthesizer that sounds like a tweaked electronic banjo from the Bayou sonically position Beyoncé squarely in the middle of a messy Black South.
However, comprehensive and well-integrated tools for analysing investment in even-aged plantations or forests are sparse, as the Hildebrandt and Knoke (2011) review shows.
Recent plantations structurally similar to sparse (oak) or dense (pine) shrublands were associated with the highest hare and rabbit abundances, respectively, whereas both species avoided landscapes with high eucalyptus cover.
Cloves were imported and planted in 1803, and coconuts which had been relatively sparse on the island were cultivated on plantations for the production of oil.
Thinning in old-growth conifer plantations can increase in understory vegetation cover that is mainly composed of unpalatable and grazing-tolerant species in a plantation forest where understory vegetation is sparse or moderate and sika deer density is high.
Our results show that the average annual gross recharge was largest at the sparse grassland (∼52% of net rainfall), followed by the exotic pine plantation (∼39% of net rainfall) and then the native banksia woodland (∼27% of net rainfall).
We sampled ants using pitfall traps in a wide geographical area, including steppe sites and pine plantations, both dense (forest cover 87% in average) and sparse (forest cover 52% in average) designs.
