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The spare workers are sent for training or on holiday, or added as unbilled extras to project teams.
At 6.3% unemployment there are presumably many fewer spare workers around to fill open positions than there were at 8.2%.
Usually, in such a situation, economists expect a shortage of spare workers to bid up wages, or that a scarcity of skilled workers in some sectors would create inflationary bottlenecks in the economy.
As the economy has developed, there has been less incentive for the Portuguese to go abroad to find work; and as Portugal's spare workers have been soaked up, the country has developed a chronic shortage of labour, both skilled and unskilled.
With an average unemployment rate of 9%, the euro area has plenty of spare workers.Europe has, in fact, made significant progress on economic reform in recent years.
The key aspect of this fault tolerance process is that there are "spare" workers available for use in the pool.
Similar(53)
Meg Whitman, H.P.'s chief executive, spared workers in China from companywide layoffs this year because China was seen as a good growth area.
A little devil on one shoulder advised me to reduce expenses by firing staff members, while a little angel on the side pleaded that I should either take the hit myself, or slash advertising expenses and spare my workers.
That issue heated up today when the Occupational Safety and Health Administration issued the rules, which it says will spare 460,000 workers each year from injuries and save about $9.1 billion in lost time from work.
No category has been spared: unemployed workers outnumber openings in all of the 17 major sectors covered by the survey.
They spared the workers cowering in the kitchen only after the elevator man convinced their leader they were all Hindus.
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