It subsequently uses the semantic distance boundary spanning measure to demonstrate that boundary spanning innovation has become more common in recent decades, and show that these boundary spanning inventions pose challenges for the traditional specialized-examiner patent examination model.
This article discusses the importance of boundary spanning innovation, demonstrates the drawbacks of popular metadata based boundary spanning measures, and proposes a new full text semantic similarity measure of boundary spanning.
The logic of the 'technology-push' model approach was that the greater the R&D 'input', the more success for new products 'as output'; this model presupposes a linear process of technological change (industrial innovation), spanning scientific discovery, technological product development and product sales.
To enable realistic and repeatable verification of cross-layer innovations, spanning PHY, MAC, and network layers, it becomes necessary to test the cross-layer improved setup and compare it with an off-the-shelf setup in a similar context.
This article introduces the fundamentals of NMR and MRI to the reader unfamiliar with the technology and covers a range of possible applications to the study of this important biomaterial and tissue, with focus on innovations spanning the 5 years since the work's first edition.
Adoption of innovations spanning new recommendations and technologies has proceeded slowly in developed countries.
Google's last great chance to save Android in this regard may have been the Nortel patent purse — 6,000+ patents spanning mobile and wireless innovation.
Photonics innovations span digital and electron imaging in nanotechnology, law enforcement, space and medicine.
This proves the obvious: that the pace of scientific innovation is fraught with possible controversies, spanning from ethical to societal and legal ones.
Data from all cases show that 'how-to' knowledge was important in the innovation process, not only operationally but also strategically, spanning issues of structural and cultural compatibility, and sustainability.
This outpouring of innovation and investment has spread across the financial sector, spanning mobile banking, small business lending, financial advisers, credit scoring, savings and more.
