The strength corresponding to the limit of proportionality (LOP) can be obtained by using the following equation: f_{text{fct,L}} = frac{{3.F_{L}.l}}{{2.b.h_{sp}^{2} }}({text{Mpa}}) (1 where, l (500 mm), b (150 mm) and h sp (125 mm) are the span of the specimen, width and distance between the tip of the notch and the top of the specimen, respectively.
The life span of the Activmotion specimens prior to failure was, on average, 1.7 higher than that of the TomoFix standard group.
Bending stress was determined from the formula F∗ L∗ c/4 I where F is the applied load, as described above, and corresponding to a load in the linear elastic range; L is the span of the loaded specimen, c is the cortical radius, and I is the moment of inertia, as determined with micro-CT [ 7].
The crack patterns of the observed span of the three beam specimens are shown in Fig. 5, in which the numerical values are the corresponding external torques, and the bordered ones are first flexural cracking torques (the smaller one) or first diagonal cracking torques (the larger one).
Shear stirrups are completely eliminated in the half-span of the FRC specimens.
Considering the symmetry of the internal forces about mid-span (Fig. 3a), the west half-span of the beam specimen was used as a measuring span to collect testing data, while the east half-span of the beam specimen was used to observe the propagation of cracks and failure procedures.
Δ cr, Δ y, Δ @Vpeak, and Δ failure are the measured displacement corresponding to the strength of V cr, V y, V peak, and V failure at the mid-span of the test specimen, respectively.
Additionally, the shear span-to-depth ratios of the specimens were 3.33, 3.25, 2.75, 2.0 and 1.75.
The intertegular span of the single B. ruderatus specimen was 5.63 mm with an estimated dry weight of about 136 mg.
