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Span gas means a gas of known concentration which is used routinely to set the output level of any analyzer.
Exhaled CO monitors were calibrated against standard CO 49.8-ppm span gas every 2 4 weeks during the study period (Díaz et al. 2007a; Smith et al. 2010).
Additional costs can include equipment required for calibration (e.g., span gas, primary flow calibrators), as well as personnel costs necessary for sample preparation (e.g., filter weighing, tube labeling, monitor pre-testing), data analysis, data management, and equipment servicing.
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Using these gases would have meant utilizing more than the project's entire allocated budget for calibration alone, let alone the fact that most span gases are not available in Pakistan locally and have to be imported.
The estimation of metal temperature is paramount to ensure an adequate life span of gas turbine hot gas path components.
However, unexpectedly early failure has often discouraged the full use of TBC, resulting in a shortening of the life span of gas turbines because these substrates are directly exposed to harsh operation conditions.
The life-spans of gas power plants, pipes and power lines are 60, 60, and 40 years.
Porous silicon (PSi) has been studied for a wide variety of applications in many fields, spanning from gas- and bio-sensing to photonics and photovoltaics [1, 2].
Span and zero gases should be traceable to National Bureau of Standards reference gases whenever these reference gases are available.
The generated multicomponent isotherm data spanned the complete gas mixture composition range for adsorbing species CO2, N2 and H2O from 25 °C to 75 °C at 1atm.
After reversal of cross-links, DNA precipitation, and clean-up, enriched DNA and input were analyzed by quantitative real time PCR with primers spanning the predicted GAS site, as well as primers specific to a region of the LKB1 promoter that does not contain a putative STAT binding motif (Table 2).
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