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The Spacer molecule mainly determines the overall pattern, modulating the cellular uptake process.
The amine group of DOX is linked to the carboxyl group of each spacer molecule, forming a peptide linkage.
Covalent binding of mAb on the surface of HSA nanocapsules was realized using polyethyleneglycol (PEG 3000 as spacer molecule.
Biotinylated ligands were immobilized on NHS Sepharose 4B and EAH Sepharose 4B, which both contain 6-aminohexanoic acid as a spacer molecule, and the two coupled gels were equilibrated with 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4).
CaM also acts as a spacer molecule, orienting the enzyme away from the surface and toward the solution, which minimizes enzyme interactions with the immobilization surface.
In terms of the molecular structure of the designed nanotherapeutics, the result validates that Spacer molecules are critically important to determine the AuNP behaviors in cancer cells in-vitro and in-vivo: the molecular structure of the Spacer molecule dominates the time-dependent cellular uptake pattern and spatial arrangement of AuNPs in a single cell and further their drug efficacy.
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(a) Synthetic procedure of the Spacer molecules.
Even for this short time duration, AuNP incorporation is characteristically differentiated by the Spacer molecules.
We confirm that the effective design of the Spacer molecules importantly control the cellular interaction of the AuNPs.
The chemical structure of the spacer molecules linked to the anticancer drug is displayed in Fig. 1a.
The results exhibit characteristic patterns according to the Spacer type and charge, implying that the cellular interactions of the designed AuNPs are dominated by the Spacer molecules.
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