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From a measurement of the intensity of these fields it is impossible to distinguish them because both vary as the cosine squared of the space coordinate.
Two optical fields may be considered, the complex amplitudes of which vary as the cosine of an angle proportional to the space coordinate and as the modulus (absolute magnitude) of the cosine of the angle, respectively.
space coordinate.
First, the whole motion space coordinate is converted to the producible velocity space coordinate.
Visibility model of flexible structure space monitoring station with associated space coordinate system is given.
In the space coordinate system, the object's trajectory can be plotted by connecting all the space coordinate points from (t_0) to (t_n).
We have proposed the optical image space, which is a three-dimensional space coordinate system.
Similar(4)
In this approach, we normalize the velocity-space coordinate to a temporally and spatially varying local characteristic speed per species.
Unlike most earlier studies, our approach normalizes the velocity-space coordinate to the temporally varying individual plasma species' local thermal velocity, vth(t), and explicitly considers the resulting inertial terms in the Fokker Planck equation.
We define a converged solution in our experiments as a solution for which the first specified number of decimal places of every phase-space coordinate in our final configuration in the N-body experiment becomes independent of the length of the mantissa and the Bulirsch-Stoer tolerance.
We normalise by 6N, so that δ represents the average difference per phase-space coordinate between two solutions A and B. In our experiments we adopt Hénon units2 (Hénon 1971; Heggie and Mathieu 1986), in which the typical values for the distance and velocity are of the same order.
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