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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of milk formulas designed to resemble sow milk supplemented with polyamines at maternal physiologic milk doses on the gut maturation of early-weaned piglets.
Creep feeding can improve growth and performance of piglets before and after weaning, especially if sow milk supply is reduced for any reason, but intake by suckling piglets is often low.
The FF piglets were fed with a cow milk-based sow milk replacer (Advance Baby Pig LiquiWean; Milk Specialties, Dundee, IL).
Piglets were fed from 2 to 28 days of age either a normoprotein (NP, equivalent to sow milk) or a high protein formula (HP, +40% protein).
A NP formula supplying the same amount of nutrient as sow milk [45] was formulated using whey protein concentrate, skimmed milk powder and potassium caseinate as main sources of proteins.
We therefore compared the postnatal development of ileal microbiota, epithelial permeability and immune function of piglets fed two types of formula differing in their protein content: close to sow milk or with 40% more protein per unit of energy.
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In lactating sows, milk production is important for the post-natal growth of their litters.
However, lactation sow diet supplemented with 8~10% fish oil increased piglets' preweaning morbidity and decreased sows milk production and litter weight gain [ 2, 6].
Similarly, 10% (100 g/kg of diet) fish oil addition to lactation sow diet resulted in increased piglets' preweaning morbidity and decreased sows milk production (2).
Carnitine concentrations in sows' milk were reported to be in the range between 120 and 185 μmol/L, depending on the stage of lactation [ 22, 23].
The faecal origin of E. coli isolated from sows' milk was also reported by Awad Masalmeh et al. [ 15]: in one quarter of 67 PPDS-affected sows O-serogroup-identical E. coli were detected in both milk and faecal samples.
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