The principal source of subsistence among the Mari is agriculture (grain and flax) combined with dairy farming and stock raising.
Limited crop growing started in the Later Bronze Age with Triticum and Hordeum cultivation, but became the primary source of subsistence in the Late Iron Age.
Fishing was still the main source of subsistence, but it was paired with intense use of terrestrial ecosystems and hybrid agricultural techniques.
Even if not under their direct control or ownership, livestock are a source of subsistence, income and social status for women through control of livestock products (Njuki and Sanginga 2013; Talle 1988).
Some people depend solely on forests as their only source of subsistence, with its contribution sometimes being found to offset other household livelihood portfolios such as agriculture (McElwee 2010).
The level of use and degree of reliance on forests and its importance as a source of subsistence varies geographically, over time and across communities (Babulo et al. 2008; Bwalya 2013).
This is the case, as subsequent chapters detail, because for those many "freed" from social security and workplace insurance of the declining welfare state, clinical labor provides a necessary source of subsistence, creating income opportunities for the unemployed and working poor populations in their capacity as experimental or reproductive bodies in a global service economy (p. 81).
Local human populations still hunt and trap ruffed lemurs with traditional weapons, using them as a source of subsistence.
These peoples are agro-pastoralists that depend in part on cultivation, but keep large cattle herds and use dairying products as an important source of subsistence [ 16, 23].
