The variability of animal-sourced heparin and heparan sulfates, their inherent impurities, the limited availability of source tissues, the poor control of these source materials and their manufacturing processes, suggest a need for new approaches for their production.
The proposed approach may be implemented for convenient comparative analysis of ECM materials and source tissues, process optimization or during lot release testing.
The three decellularized matrices (each originating from source tissues which included an epithelial lining on their luminal surfaces) were immunostained for collagen IV and laminin to determine basement membrane retention.
The objective of this study was to investigate how joint specific biomechanical loading influences the functional development and phenotypic stability of cartilage grafts engineered in vitro using stem/progenitor cells isolated from different source tissues.
Minimal information exists on whole-plant dynamics of mineral flow through rice plants and on the source tissues responsible for mineral export to developing seeds.
Maize SUT, ZmSUT1, is responsible for sugar uptake into phloem in source tissues and sugar unloading from phloem into cells in sink tissues (Carpaneto et al. 2005).
Ascorbate accumulation in sink tissue is controlled to some extent by ascorbate biosynthesis in source tissues (Franceschi and Tarlyn 2002; Tedone et al. 2004).
Waters and Grusak (2008) suggested that, in Arabidopsis, continuous uptake and translocation of minerals to source tissues during seed fill are as important, if not more important, than remobilization of previously stored minerals.
Thus, in addition to targeting source tissues for increased mineral remobilization, researchers should also target root uptake and leaf/stem/sheath efflux transporters to increase mineral accumulation in the panicles and consequently in the rice seeds.
In Arabidopsis, continuous uptake and translocation of minerals to source tissues during seed fill are as important, if not more important, than remobilization of previously stored minerals (Waters and Grusak 2008).
The increased carbon supply led to increased fructan synthesis (abundance of 1-sst), presumably to ensure that feedback inhibition of photosynthesis did not occur, as has been previously observed in source tissues with elevated WSC content [15].
