As one year-olds were not nearly as numerous as offspring at the earlier stages, they were not sacrificed and sexed, but were released to their source pond after removal of one or two toes for DNA analysis.
All frogs were returned to their source pond within a few days of sampling, with the exception of minor numbers used in crossing experiments in 2002, 2004 and 2006.
Upon reaching the free-swimming feeding stage, one healthy-looking tadpole per clutch was randomly chosen for rearing to metamorphosis, whereas the remaining tadpoles were returned to their source pond.
Overall, the full and LR female crosses were balanced with respect to source pond type of the LR females (LLR-, LR- and LRR-rich), as the mean proportion of diploid versus haploid eggs might be expected to be lower in diploid-rich (LR-rich) than in triploid-rich (LLR-rich and LRR-rich) populations.
As adult LLRR frogs were very rare in the source ponds (12/3792 = 0.3% captures in Sweden, Arioli and Jakob personal communication, and 0/46 in Alsønderup as determined by erythrocytes, own unpublished data), the probability that one of the 19 LR females crossed were actually a misclassified LLRR female is only 0.0009.
During the wet season drinking water was available from various water sources (pond, water points, river pools) spread over the entire ranch that filled up with local rainfall.
Bihn said farmers and producers draw their water from municipal sources, ponds, rivers, wells or other sources such as springs.
Generally, encampment points are located at or within short distances of water sources (ponds, wells, rivers, etc).
- Availability of supplementary water sources - ponds, lakes, streams, and other water sources.
This research needs to be undertaken in a variety of ecological zones and settings, including household water sources, ponds, water canals, riverbed pools below dams, and rice fields, and should take into account the seasonality of malaria transmission in these study areas.
To evaluate the relationship between specific environmental gradients and plant species richness, we measured proximity of each 1,000-m 1,000-m nearest ploth edge, paved roadway, wator source (dug ponearestrainage ditch), and human dwelling using high-resolution color orthopatchs of our study aredgeOGRIpaved6; Lucas County Aroadway04) imported into ArcGIS 9.1.
