Sentence examples for source of surrogate from inspiring English sources

Given the inaccessibility of the brain, blood constitutes a particularly attractive source of surrogate molecular markers for this disease.

The strategy to reprogram somatic stem cells to pluripotency status has provided an alternative source of surrogate ES cells (ESC).

To this end we used the Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum as a source of surrogate data on the technological and social levels of individual countries.

For Experiment 2, the same permutation procedure was used, except that here the differences between AR conditions were considered sufficiently small to use them as the source of surrogate distributions.

The retina may be a good source of surrogate markers of cerebrovascular injury because paediatric cerebral malaria is associated with a retinopathy ('malarial retinopathy') that accurately predicts cerebral sequestration (Taylor et al., 2004), correlates with severity of brain involvement (White et al., 2001), and is associated with mortality (Beare et al., 2004).

The retina is an attractive source of potential surrogate markers for paediatric cerebral malaria because, in this condition, the retina seems to sustain microvascular damage similar to that of the brain.

Although the use of MSCs as a source for surrogate β-cells is very attractive, the most successful differentiation protocols have produced only a modest number of functional IPCs [ 16].

We implement the four sphere head model to simulate the volume conduction problem present in EEG recordings and measure the activity at the scalp of surrogate sources located at the brain level.

Trial characteristics included type of surrogate, journal source, main clinical area, sample size, length of follow-up, type of sponsor (for profit, mixed funding, or non-profit), 6 and whether the experimental intervention was recommended for clinical use.

Therefore, meta-analyses of events occurring in randomized trials designed with different end points have been used as a surrogate source of information (15).

One potential source of bias is the use of surrogate measures of exposure in the absence of individual-level exposures.