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We also applied this protocol for bromination of 2f using NBS as a source of bromine in the presence of LiClO4 as catalyst.
This led to the problem of finding an economical source of bromine, and here Midgley is credited with developing a method for extracting the element from seawater.
The chief commercial source of bromine is ocean water, from which the element is extracted by means of chemical displacement (oxidation) by chlorine in the presence of sulfuric acid through the reaction The product of the reaction is a dilute solution of bromine, from which the element is removed by blowing air through it.
However, the results of our analysis showing an association between bromine in carpets and BDE 209 concentrations in dust suggests that BDE 209 is most likely the source of bromine in the carpets.
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Natural salt deposits and brines are the main sources of bromine and its compounds.
The drop is larger than scientists had predicted, meaning that either natural sources of bromine also declined or that industry was responsible for a larger fraction of atmospheric bromine than experts thought.
The team was looking for the source of this bromine, thought to be the sea ice itself, and conducted experiments on top of the snow-covered ice to observe the chemical reactions taking place under a range of conditions.
"Even small, part-per-trillion changes in the amount of bromine from these sources can mean the difference between a late 21st century volcanic eruption resulting in ozone column depletion or ozone column enhancement".
Methyl bromide, used in agriculture, and halons, which are used to fight fires, are the principal humanmade sources of the chemical, and their use helped double the amount of bromine in the atmosphere from the mid to the late 20th century.
Bromination of organic compounds is usually effected using equimolar ratios of bromine with the substrate.
A current of air removes the bromine as a very dilute mixture of bromine with air.
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