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PE (Power Error) denotes the error of the reconstructed source power; RPE (Relative Power Error) denotes the relative error of the reconstructed source power; Source Size denotes the radius of reconstructed source; Computation Time denotes the time cost of the reconstruction except the time of computing the system matrix.
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Source: Computations based on ESS (2008) and Eurostat (2013).
Source: Computations by CaliforniaCityFinance.com from State Controller and Dept of Finance data.
1a Source: Computations from the Impact Assessment of the European Commission, based on ZEW (2016, 2017) and ZEW et al. 2017). 2017
As shown in Fig. 1, this hybrid algorithm involves two steps, including source support computation and source distribution computation.
Source: Authors' computation.
Source: Own computation based on Statistics Sweden's Labour Force Surveys LFSS) Fig. 2 Employed persons aged 16 64 (in thousands) by gender; 2001 2014.
This implies that the optimal lag length of this study is order 2. Table 5 The Lag length Results of Akaike (AIC), Schwarz and Hannan-Quinn Information Criteria Lags Loglik P LR) AIC SC HQ 1 −193.15 - 11.75 138.07 11.65* 14.02 12.498.07 11.65* 14.02 12.49 Source: Authors' computation.
See Table 4 below for the detailed results: Table 4 Cointegration results Co-integrating Vector (LLFEXP, LGHE, LPCI, LUPR, LEXR, LSECER,) Null Hypothesis Trace-Statistics Maximum Eigen Statistics r=0 110.83* 42.37* r = 1 68.45 25.48 r = 2 42.97 22.82 r = 3 20.15 11.83 r = 4 8.22 8.01 r = 5 0.20 0.20 *Null hypothesis rejected at 5% Source: Authors' computation.
And source distribution computation considerately combines the first-order algorithms with second-order algorithms to accelerate the calculation.
Therefore, it implies that the system matrices in the step of source distribution computation can be calculated off-the-cuff.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com