Synchronous residual time stamp (SRTS) is used to recover the source clock at the receive end.
where is the synchronization error of the source clock with the time reference.
This clock is called the S-WPIA clock and is configured by dividing the source clock of the PWE.
The sender computes the maximum difference in time from the CA as (17) where is the synchronization error of the source clock with the time reference.
The receiver computes the maximum difference in time from the CA as (19) where is the synchronization error of the source clock with the time reference.
Because the S-WPIA clock is generated by the same source clock as that used to sample waveforms in the PWE, the S-WPIA clock counter is synchronized to the sampling of plasma wave data.
Since the sampling frequency for waveforms in the PWE is generated from the same source clock as that for the S-WPIA clock, the waveform sampling time is completely synchronized with the time as measured by the S-WPIA clock.
The antenna impedance can be evaluated using the onboard antenna impedance measurement system, conducted by changing the calibration resistances (1 kΩ, 100 kΩ, 1 MΩ, and 10 MΩ) with the calibration signal from the EWO source clock (Kasahara et al. 2017; Matsuda et al. 2017).
As shown in Figure 3, the clock synchronous system can be divided into clock source (master clock) and lots of data acquisition nodes (slave clock).
PTPd allows computers within a local area network to keep their clock synchronized to a common clock source, commonly referred to as the master clock.
