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Even the sour mouse (Jeremiah Kissel) who lives in Giuseppe's studio gets a word in.
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The Mexican sour gherkin, or mouse melon (Melothria scabra), is not a true gherkin; it is grown for its tiny savory fruits that superficially resemble watermelons.
Here we chose PKD2L1 to investigate whether cetaceans retained the sour taste modality, because mice lacking the Pkd2l1 gene have reduced sour taste ability and some people who are sour-ageusic also showed loss of the Pkd2l1 gene [ 38, 39].
Genetic ablation of PKD2L1-expressing cells resulted in mice unresponsive to sour stimuli [18].
Genetic disruption therefore of ghrelin signaling could affect efficient TC-presynaptic cell communication, resulting in the reduction in sour sensitivity we observed in GHSR null mice.
Studies with ASIC2a-null mice have shown that they do not have significant impairment of responses to sour stimuli [49], and this is also the case with PKD1L3-null mice [50].
GHSR null mice exhibited significantly reduced taste responsivity to sour (citric acid) and salty (sodium chloride) tastants.
It is intriguing to note that with regards to our observed taste phenotype in the GHSR null mice, i.e. disrupted salt and sour responsivity, it has been demonstrated that a subset (45%) of salt-sensing taste cells (AI) cells have been identified that share multiple phenotypic characteristics (SNAP25, PKD2L1) of sour-sensing cells [56].
This observation could explain why the GHSR null mice only showed alterations in taste sensitivity to salty and sour tastants, even though ghrelin and GHSR were expressed in all 4 cell types.
Other workers have shown that cells in the taste buds of mouse vallate papillae that responded to NaCl were a subset of sour-responding cells [43].
We tested the ability of WT and GHSR null mice to detect four prototypic tastants, i.e. sweet (sucrose), sour (CA), salty (sodium chloride – NaCl), and bitter (denatonium benzoate – DB).
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